Non-Toxic Ingredients: Conventional vs Plant-Based Skincare

It seems that only non-toxic ingredients should be in your skincare, right? Why would any company knowingly include toxins and irritants in skincare? Well, turns our it's complicated. 

👉 Find the best non-toxic skincare brands  in our Non-Toxic Skincare collection. 

In the world of skincare, consumers face an overwhelming number of choices. Not only is the list of ingredients difficult to read, but understanding the purpose of each item could fill a graduate course in skincare products. Not all synthetic ingredients are harmful. And not all plant-based ingredients are "risk-free." 

Here I Am Self-Care is deeply committed to providing safe, holistic self-care products that emphasize sustainability and non-toxicity. We look for non-toxic ingredients, even if that sometimes means synthetic. In this post, we delve into the risks associated with some toxic ingredients found in conventional skincare products and compare them to the risks of plant-based skincare alternatives. This comprehensive comparison will help you make informed decisions about your skincare routine.

Understanding the Common Toxins in Conventional Skincare

Companies often use ingredients classified as toxins in skincare due to a combination of cost, performance, and regulatory factors. These synthetic chemicals are typically cheaper to produce, provide desired textures and long shelf lives, and operate within a legal framework that prioritizes short-term safety over long-term, cumulative health effects.

Here is a brief list of the most common culprits in conventional skincare and some non-toxic ingredients worth considering: 

1. Chemical Preservatives (Parabens)

Parabens are a group of synthetic compounds widely used as preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and mold. Their safety has been questioned due to their ability to mimic estrogen and disrupt the endocrine system, and they have been banned in many countries and some US states. However, due to consumer demand, they are much less common in mass-market "clean" brands. But beware of some Japanese and Korean brands where the consumer backlash was less pronounced.

• What to look for: any ingredients ending with the word "paraben": methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben.
• Where to look: water-based products, including moisturizers, creams, and shampoos.
• Alternative Non-Toxic Ingredients: radish root ferment, anisic acid, potassium sorbate, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, caprylyl glycol, glyceryl caprylate, and tocopherol (a form of vitamin E). 

2. Formaldehyde-Releasing Preservatives

Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives are used in various skincare products to prevent microbial growth and extend shelf life. These preservatives gradually release small amounts of formaldehyde over time. They do not contain pure formaldehyde. These preservatives are more powerful than parabens and also much more likely to cause skin allergies or irritation. Because formaldehyde is a known human carcinogen, the widespread use of these preservatives has raised significant health concerns due to their potential to cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and links to cancer.

• What to look for: DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea, iadzolidinyl urea, bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol), quaternium-15. NOTE: The word "formaldehyde" is unlikely to appear. 
• Where to look: any liquid skincare that is not 100% oil-based, including water-based products such as moisturizers and creams, especially those in jars, which are repeatedly exposed to fingers and air.
• Alternative Non-Toxic Ingredients: look for the same alternatives as for parabens. 

Note on "Nature-Identical" Options

For non-toxic ingredients, some companies turn to "nature-identical" options, such as benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate. These are synthetically manufactured in a lab to be chemically identical to their natural forms. Companies like UpCircle Beauty choose these synthetic preservatives to achieve a more stable, purer, and safer product. From a human health perspective, when used correctly in cosmetic formulations, these alternatives present a significantly lower risk profile than parabens and carcinogenic formaldehyde-releasing agents. Still, their synthetic, petrochemical origin and potential ecotoxicity are concerns. It's a difficult trade-off: without these preservatives, water-based products would spoil quickly, resulting in waste and potentially causing skin infections due to microorganisms. With them, products are safe, stable, and effective, albeit with a defined environmental footprint.

3. Synthetic Fragrances & Phthalates

Synthetic fragrances are added to skincare products to provide a pleasant scent. However, the term "fragrance" or "parfum" on a label can mask a cocktail of dozens to hundreds of undisclosed chemicals, creating a significant lack of transparency for consumers.

One of the most concerning groups of chemicals hidden within these fragrance blends is phthalates. Phthalates are a group of synthetic chemicals primarily used to extend the longevity of fragrances on the skin. They act as a solvent and fixative, helping the scent linger. Beyond their role in fragrance, they were also historically used to increase the flexibility and durability of product formulations.

• What to look for: DEP, DBP, or ingredient lists that contain "fragrance" or "parfum" without any further details.
• Where to look: any product with an unspecified "fragrance" is a potential source.
• Alternative Non-Toxic Ingredients: jojoba oil (can be a carrier oil or fixative), essential oils, and botanical extracts.  

4. Surfactants (e.g., Sodium Laureth Sulfate)

Many skincare products utilize synthetic surfactants due to their ability to create foam and effectively cleanse the skin. However, these ingredients can strip the skin of natural oils, leading to dryness and irritation. Additionally, an unintended byproduct created during the manufacturing process is 1,4-dioxane, a probable human carcinogen. This is not an ingredient you will see on a label, but a contaminant in products with SLES. It is possible for companies to purify products that are contaminated, but many are often not purified due to cost.

• What to look for: sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, SLES.
• Where to look: shampoos, conditioners, body washes, facial cleansers. 
• Alternative Non-Toxic Ingredients: the gentlest options are oil based or cleansing balms, with ingredients such as jojoba oil, olive oil, or candelilla wax. If "soapy" is important, then look for ingredients with these words: glutamate, glycinate, or glucoside.

5. Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs)

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are petroleum-based compounds widely used in cosmetics and personal care products as thickeners, solvents, softeners, and moisture carriers. While PEGs are effective in these roles, the Environmental Working Group (EWG) questions their safety due to potential contamination with harmful impurities, such as known carcinogens like ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane [1]. Like surfactants, PEGs can strip the skin's natural oils, leading to irritation and dryness.

• What to look for: PEG or PPG followed by a number, ingredients with "-eth-" in the name, such as Ceteareth-20, Steareth-100, Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 80.
• Where to look: Moisturizing creams, body lotions, facial moisturizers, facial cleansers, body washes, shampoo, sunscreens. 
• Alternative Non-Toxic Ingredients: The simplest way to avoid PEGs and all emulsifiers/solubilizers is to choose products that don't need them, such as jojoba oil, squalane (from sugarcane or olives), and shea butter. Otherwise look for lecithin, cetearyl alcohol, candelilla wax, glyceryl oleate, decyl glucoside. 

NOTE: for sunscreen, be sure to opt for mineral-based sunscreen, preferably "non-nano zinc oxide," which is widely accepted as more "reef-safe" than nano-zinc oxide.

7. Retinyl Palmitate and Retinoic Acid

Retinyl Palmitate and Retinoic Acid are derivatives of vitamin A commonly used in anti-aging and skin renewal products. While they effectively promote cell turnover and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, these ingredients have raised concerns due to their potential to accelerate the development of skin tumors and lesions when exposed to sunlight.

• What to look for: retinyl palmitate, vitamin A palmitate, tretinoin, retinoic acid
• Where to look: moisturizers (both day and night creams), anti-aging serums & lotions, foundation & BB/CC creams (with anti-aging claims), lip balms, sunscreens, body lotions
• Alternative Non-Toxic Ingredients: bakuchiol, rosehip seed oil, and carotenoid-rich oils.

Major Brands are Making Progress

Most major skincare brands continue using toxic chemicals in their skincare products. However, not every single product from these brands contains toxic ingredients. Many of the large corporations have begun to reformulate certain product lines in response to consumer demand for clean and non-toxic ingredients in their skincare options. 

Risks in Plant-Based Skincare Products

While plant-based skincare is generally considered safer and more natural, some of these non-toxic ingredients are not entirely risk-free. Here are some potential concerns:

1. Essential Oils

Although most essential oils are generally recognized as safe non-toxic ingredients [2], some plant extracts can contain natural toxins or cause allergic reactions and skin irritation. For example, comfrey contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be harmful. Arnica, used in topical treatments for bruises, sprains, and muscle pain, can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and potential toxicity with excessive use. Even some common essential oils, such as tea tree and lavender oil, can cause irritation, particularly in sensitive skin or when used in high concentrations. Natural does not always mean hypoallergenic; patch testing is recommended to avoid adverse reactions.

👉 Learn more in our guide to Essential Oils and Carrier Oils

2. Citrus Oils

Citrus oils, such as lemon and bergamot, are included as non-toxic ingredients for their brightening properties. However, they pose risks such as photosensitivity, an increased risk of sunburn, and hyperpigmentation. Citrus oils can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation, potentially leading to skin damage. Proper use and sun protection are essential to avoid skin damage.

3. Natural Preservatives

Natural preservatives, such as grapefruit seed extract, are often included as a non-toxic ingredient in plant-based skincare as an alternative to parabens. However, they may be less effective than synthetic preservatives, leading to potential bacterial or fungal contamination over time. Product stability and safety can be challenging without synthetic preservatives. 

4. Ingredient Mislabeling and Contamination

Finding plant-based products may not always be enough. Some non-toxic ingredients in products can be unknowingly contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, or other harmful substances. This can lead to adverse skin reactions and long-term health risks, compromising the product's safety and efficacy. Opting for products from brands known for their stringent quality control and transparency can help to mitigate this concern. Testing new products on a small area of skin to check for adverse reactions before regular use is also recommended. 

5. Overuse of Potent Ingredients

Potent plant extracts, such as those from oregano or clove, can be too intense for specific skin types. Overuse of these non-toxic ingredients can lead to skin irritation, burning, redness, dryness, and sensitivity. Be sure to test any products with these ingredients for skin irritation: oregano, clove, cinnamon, peppermint, lemongrass, tea tree, eucalyptus, and thyme.

Comparing Risks: Conventional vs. Plant-Based Skincare

Conventional Skincare

• Pros:
  • Often contains advanced formulations for targeted treatments (e.g., anti-aging, acne).
  • Longer shelf life due to effective synthetic preservatives.
  • Broad accessibility and often cost-effective options due to mass production.
• Cons:
  • Potential for hormone disruption, cancer, and skin irritation from synthetic chemicals.
  • Lack of transparency in ingredients, particularly with fragrances.
  • Environmental concerns due to synthetic chemical production and waste.

Plant-Based Skincare

• Pros:
  • Uses naturally derived non-toxic ingredients that are often gentler on the skin.
  • Emphasis on sustainability and eco-friendly practices.
  • Fewer synthetic chemicals, reducing the risk of adverse health effects.
• Cons:
  • Potential for allergic reactions and photosensitivity from natural ingredients.
  • Natural preservatives may be less effective, leading to contamination risks.
  • Variability in ingredient potency and composition can affect product consistency.

Making Informed Choices

When choosing skincare products, it's essential to consider the benefits and risks of their ingredients and knowing how to spot non-toxic ingredients. Here are some tips to help you make informed decisions:

1. Read Labels Carefully: Look for products with transparent labeling that lists all ingredients. Avoid products with vague terms like "fragrance" or "parfum," which can hide multiple chemicals.
2. Patch Test New Products: Before using a new product, even if it only contains non-toxic ingredients, do a patch test on a small area of your skin to check for reactions.
3. Research Brands: Choose brands that prioritize safety, sustainability, and transparency. Brands committed to ethical practices and quality control are more likely to produce safe products with non-toxic ingredients.
4. Consider Your Skin Type: Different skin types react differently to various ingredients. What works for one person may not work for another, so consider your skin's specific needs and sensitivities.
5. Stay Informed: Keep up with the latest research and recommendations from reputable sources like the Environmental Working Group (EWG) and other health organizations.

Frequently Asked Questions on Non-Toxic Ingredients: 

What are non-toxic ingredients?

Non-toxic ingredients are ingredients that are not known or suspected to pose risks to human health, such as hormone disruption, cancer, or organ toxicity. Products with non-toxic ingredients avoid the common synthetic chemicals listed in this article, including parabens, phthalates, SLS/SLES, and synthetic fragrances. It's important to understand that "non-toxic" also involves a commitment to ingredient transparency and safety, acknowledging that even natural ingredients must be used responsibly to avoid irritation or other adverse effects.

What are the most toxic skin care products?

It's more accurate to focus on the most concerning ingredients rather than specific products. Based on the risks outlined above, you should be particularly cautious of products containing:

• Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives (a known human carcinogen)
• Parabens and Phthalates (linked to endocrine disruption)
• Retinyl Palmitate (when used without proper sun protection)
• Synthetic Fragrances (which can hide dozens of undisclosed chemicals)
  Conventional products from many major brands listed in this article may contain one or more of these ingredients, so diligent label reading is essential.

What is the best non-toxic skincare routine?

The best routine is a simple, consistent one tailored to your skin type. A foundational non-toxic routine includes:

1. Gentle Cleanser: A sulfate-free formula that cleanses without stripping the skin's natural oils.
2. Moisturizer: A cream or lotion free of parabens and synthetic fragrances to hydrate and protect the skin barrier.
3. Sun Protection: A mineral-based sunscreen (with Zinc Oxide or Titanium Dioxide) is a non-toxic favorite, as it is less likely to cause irritation and doesn't use the chemical filters found in some conventional sunscreens.

Always patch-test new products, especially those with potent plant extracts or essential oils, to ensure they don't cause irritation.

Where can I find products with non-toxic ingredients?

You can find non-toxic skincare online at Here I Am Self-Care, as well as at health food stores, specialty beauty retailers, and directly from brand websites.

The most reliable method is to become an expert label reader. Look for certifications like USDA Organic [3], EWG Verified [4], or COSMOS Organic [5], which indicate a product has met strict standards. Use resources like the Environmental Working Group (EWG) Skin Deep® database [6] to research ingredients and brands before you buy.

What are some skincare brands that use non-toxic ingredients?

Many brands are committed to non-toxic ingredient formulations. Here I Am Self-Care is proud to only offer skincare options that prioritize non-toxic ingredients from these women-owned small brands:

• seedbloom Wellness & Skincare
• MILO Multifunctional 
• UpCircle Beauty
• URB Apothecary
• WOO World of Oils 

Final Thoughts

At Here I Am Self-Care, we understand the importance of safe, holistic self-care products. By comparing the risks of conventional and plant-based skincare, we hope to provide you with information to make informed choices that align with your health and values. Plant-based skincare offers numerous benefits, but it is essential to be aware of potential risks and use these products responsibly. As always, we remain committed to offering products that are not only effective but also contain safe, sustainable, and non-toxic ingredients. Discover new non-toxic skincare options from woman-owned small brands.